By Michael J. Montesano, For The Straits Times

THAILAND'S long-reigning King Bhumibol Adulyadej presided over the cremation of his sister, Princess Galyani Vadhana, about two week ago. The ritual drew thousands of spectators from across the country. It epitomised the post-1957 return of monarchy, with its attendant ceremony, to the centre of national life.

Set among temples dating from the early Chakri dynasty in the first half of the 19th century, the purpose-built crematorium for Princess Galyani evoked 'Old Siam' with all its exotic appeal. The rites also recalled similar ceremonies held for two other female members of Thailand's royal family.

The April 1985 cremation of Queen Rambhai Barni - the widow of Thailand's last absolute monarch, Rama VII - occurred five years into the successful eight-year premiership of General Prem Tinsulanond. His premiership witnessed the controlled opening-up of the Thai political order. Under the guidance of a network of figures close to the King, Thailand substituted parliamentary manoeuvres for coups d'etats. Observers saw reason for cautious optimism about the country's political progress.

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